change the pattern of eating to prevent diabetes melitus

The variant type of food consumed by people in Indonesia, bringing the various impacts on health. The traditional pattern of eating little changed with the different types of variations of food from various tribes and from various countries.



When in the past, people rarely heard of the disease because of eating patterns and lifestyles that are less active / healthy, then recently increased sharply in many countries around the world, is no exception in Indonesia. A chronic disease that can not be cured if the disease is already affected by diabetes.

Predicted in the coming 20-30 years will occur hikes the number of diabetics in the world. When we know only diabetic attack in the elderly over 50 years, then in 2 decades will also attack many adults around 30 annual and attacked children and women.

There are recipes low-fat, low cholesterol, high protein recipes, recipes low sodium, high-calorie recipes, and low-calorie, and various other types in accordance with needs.

Among the various recipes are, there are recipes for diabetics, or better known as the diabetes sufferer. Recipes for diabetics is healthy recipes that can also serve as family recipes, as is maintaining the balance of nutrition cuisine and help instill healthy eating pattern to the family.

For those who have family members suffering from diabetes, it is advisable to understand and apply the method of calculating calories and nutrition of food, and jointly implement a healthy way of eating from the same recipes, so diabetics do not feel sequestered in the day-to-day life, or fettered feel that anguished by diabetes.

Basically, diabetics without complications with other diseases, can consume all types of food, provided that the total calories / Feed the food in a day does not exceed the amount required.

The main difference is in the portion of food, such as when serving food burger / steak normal ranges between 8-12 oz per serving, people with Diabetes can only consume 3 oz. Sugar and fruit juice or food and cover your home can still be consumed in limited numbers. Fat and foods that contain high cholesterol also be avoided, and the consumption of carbohydrates and sugar process also be avoided. It is recommended eating whole lot of food, (whole grain, whole Wheat, rice, red rice flattered, sorghum, bulgur, oats and the like) and fresh vegetables / organic.

It is recommended to consume foods with variations between carbohydrates and sugar, limited meat or protein, very low fat / no fat, low-fat meat, fresh fruit, skimmed milk fat.

Prevention of the disease diabetes melitus can be done in several ways, and divided into several types.

Primary prevention
Primary prevention efforts are directed to those included in the category of high risk, namely those who have not been affected by this disease but have the potential to get them. For primary prevention is very important to know first what factors affect the occurrence of diabetes melitus, as well as efforts made to eliminate those factors. Education plays an important role in the prevention of the primary.

Secondary prevention
Prevention is a secondary prevention efforts and prevent the emergence of the disease with early detection and treatment provided since the beginning. Early detection is done with the inspection filters. Just check the cost that is large enough. Disease since the beginning of treatment should be done immediately to prevent possible occurrence of chronic disease. Education about diabetes melitus and management, the increase will affect patient adherence to treatment.

Tertiary prevention
If the chronic disease diabetes melitus happen to you, the experts must try to prevent further disability and rehabilitate the people as early as possible before people with disabilities who have stayed. For example only, acetosal low dose (80 - 325 mg) can be given routinely to patients with diabetes melitus have makroangiopati disease (heart blood vessels, blood vessel edge, the brain blood vessels, blood capillaries Retina eye, kidney capillary blood vessels). The holistic health services and integrated inter-related discipline is required.

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History of diabetes

In the years before 1552 BC, in Egypt known disease marked by frequent urination and in the number of the many (which is called: Poliurial), and a decrease in body weight that fast without any pain. Later in the year 400 BC, the author India sushratha named the disease: honey urine disease (melovine urine disease).

Finally, Aretaeus in the year 200 BC is the first name: Diabetes, means "continue", and Mellitus means "sweet". Diabetes is called, because drinking and always in a lot of (Polidipsia), which then "flows" continue the form of urine (urine); called Mellitus art object because the water contains sugar (sweet). Basically, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or disease diabetes is caused by people not hormone insulin, or can not work normally, while the hormone insulin has a role to set the rate of glucose (sugar =) in the blood of around 60 - 120 mg / dl fasting and time below 200 mg / dl in two hours after eating.
Since the hormone insulin was found in 1921 by Banting and Best in Canada, the death rate of mothers and abortion-maternal diabetes that pregnant greatly reduced. Finally, in the year 1954 Franke and Fuchs try OAD tablet (Anti-Diabetes Drugs) in humans, the findings eventually OAD is growing rapidly with various types and indications penggunaanya.Maksud this information is not afraid to make the readers of the complications that may occur in people with Diabetes Mellitus , But aims to readers:
1. Diabete Mellitus know whether it.
2. Knowing that Millitus Diabetes is a disease that is not harmful not diremehkan origin.
3. Trained to conduct the business of prevention against Diabets Mellitus.
4. Knowing that diit holding role in the treatment Diabetes Mellitus.
5. Diit diabetes can carry the correct, so that the affected Diabetes Mellitus can be healthy again.
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Diabetes Melitus

Humans need to eat. Then the food can consist of carbohydrates, protein and fat. Glucose is a unit of the smallest units of carbohydrate. In the human body, glucose is used to form energy. If the task excess insulin, an enzyme in the human body, to store excess sugar in the blood to form reserves in the liver, muscles and other organs.

If the process takes place over a balanced, then the excess glucose in the human body will not cause disease. But if the low rate of insulin, or insulin is not produced, this can cause the rate of glucose accumulate in the blood, or more familiar with diabetes.

Diabetes, or who is known in medical terms with diabetes melitus, can be experienced by anyone, whether skinny or fat, either young or old, whether women or men. Diabetes melitus (hereinafter abbreviated DM), as well as other diseases, also cause symptoms. Symptoms are typical, or also called classic symptoms, and the symptoms are not typical.

Classic symptoms of DM include body weight decreased, many urine (poliuria), many drinking (polidipsi) and many meals (polifagi). Symptoms typically can not form pins, vision disturbances, itching, or interference ereksi leucorrhoea.
In addition, also found several factors that potentially lead to someone suffering from DM. These factors known to the DM risk factors, including:

1. age> 45 years
2. obesity
3. hypertension
4. DM family history
5. history birth to a baby with BB> 4kg
6. DM history at the time of pregnancy
7. sufferer PJK (coronary heart disease), TB, hipertiroidisme
8. The high rate of lipid

Based on the DM patofisiologinya divided into 2 types, namely DM DM type 1 and type 2 (the next will be discussed more). Type 1 DM caused damage of cells producing insulin are type 2 DM due to insulin resistance or decreasing insulin secretion. In addition to the two groups of DM was also known as DM other type (that is due to drugs, due to infection, as a result of immunology, etc.) and DM at the time of pregnancy.

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If someone has the symptoms above, or have risk factors, DM, it is advisable to check his blood sugar. Fasting blood sugar is normal is <110>
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How to enforce the diagnosis DM?
If someone has the classic symptoms of DM when the blood sugar ≥ 200 mg / dl or fasting blood sugar ≥ 126 mg / dl is only enough to enforce the DM diagnosis.
If the complaint is not typical, of 2 times need to check blood sugar, which indicates when the blood sugar ≥ 200 mg / dl or fasting blood sugar ≥ 126 mg / dl.

So what can be done if the terdiagnosa DM?
That must be done is to manage blood sugar in excess of our body

Why the management of blood sugar should be done?
This is done to prevent complications that may arise, both the complications of acute or chronic complications.
Acute complications include:
Hipoglikemi
Hipoglikemia symptoms:
* Hungry, nausea, blood pressure
* Weak, lethargic, difficult to talk
* Cold sweat
I realize with or without convulsions
Other complications of acute awareness of the decline is a sudden (fainting) or in terms of the medical condition known as the comma diabetikum.
Meanwhile, chronic complications can be the eyes (retinopati diabetikum), renal (kidney failure), persarafan (neuropati), digestion (diarrhea, constipation), the channel urine (disfungsi sexual), heart (heart failure) and ekstrimitas (ulkus)

When the management of blood sugar should be done?
As early as possible, as a sufferer after terdiagnosa DM

How the management of blood sugar that good?
This can be done in stages as follows:

1. Planning meals
Eat a balanced recommended by the composition of energy from carbohydrates 60-70%, 10-15% of protein, fat 20-25%.
Principles of planning food
* No food is prohibited, restricted only in accordance with the needs (not excess).
* Menu with the same family, the sugar in the spice is not prohibited.
* And in the regular schedule, the amount and type of food (3J)
Principles of the division of the portion of food a day-to-day
* Adjusted to eating habits and cultivated portions spread throughout the day.
* Recommended the portion of divided (3 large and 3 small):
1. -eat breakfast the morning distraction
2. lunch-eat lunch interval
3. dinner the night-eating distraction
(this is to prevent the occurrence of hipoglikemia particularly for the use insulin work long)

2. Physical exercise
Benefits of physical exercise:
* Lowers blood sugar (by reducing insulin resistance, improve insulin sensitivity)
* Lower weight
* Prevent Obesity
* Reduce the possibility of the occurrence of complications
Olaharaga that can be done among Jogging, run, swimming, cycling. Training is done should be done continuously, the selected-rhythmic muscle is contracting and expanding muscle relaxation regularly, is the lapse between the intermittent movement quickly and slow movement, for example: Jogging with a road, the road quickly with a slow road
And the exercise be carried out gradually according to the ability of the light intensity is up to 30-60 minutes. Training hendakanya done 3x in a week
The need to be taken before the start of training:
* Wearing shoes appropriate
* Give Feed food and liquid enough
* Make peregangan warming and the start and end during the 5-10 minutes
* Avoid the practice in the temperature is too hot / cold
Do not continue if there are symptoms hipoglikemia
Hipoglikemia strategy to avoid:
* Check blood glucose before and after exercise in kurn time of 30 minutes to Mengetahu blood sugar stable or not
* Training should be done 1-3 hours after eating

3. Using a medicine for blood sugar
Various types of drugs with different effects now can we find in the community. Gradually fields ranging from medicine to be the use of insulin. The use of insulin is usually done by people with type 1 DM, where insulin is not produced the body. Meanwhile, on type 2 DM, which is located on the defek insulin function is not in the amount of insulin, insulin use is usually done after the desired effect can not be achieved only by using drugs that drunk.

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